不同季节广东省多宝水库水质变化调查

Investigation on changes in water quality of Duobao reservoir in different seasons

2011—2012年对多宝水库16个采样点进行了定期水质监测,采用单因子评价法和有机污染综合指数法对各采样点水质进行了评价,并对水库水体中的重金属和抗生素含量进行检测,分析其主要来源。单因子评价结果表明,多宝水库主体水域水质在采样期间均为劣Ⅴ类,主要超标指标为总磷、总氮、NH3-N、BOD;有机污染综合指数评价结果显示,多宝水库主体水域水质除冬季为一般水质外,其余季节为严重污染或中等污染,其主要污染源可能是上游猪场养殖废水排放。猪场废水入库河段的水体全年为劣V类,属于严重污染水平;主要超标污染指标与主体水域一致。水库水体中Cu、Zn、As的含量均未超标,只有Mn含量在春秋两季超标。在检测的4种抗生素中,氯霉素和四环素可以在水库水体中被检出,而其在猪场附近水体中的含量分别达到5.35、18.56μg/L。多宝水库的氮磷等有机污染以及抗生素污染可能主要来源于上游养猪场废水排放。

In order to monitor and evaluate the water quality and explore the characteristics of water pollution of Duobao reservoir, water samples were collected during July 2011 to November 2012. And the pollution status was evaluated with the single and comprehensive index methods. Heavy metals and antibiotics concentration of Duobao reservoir water were also detected. The possible sources of the pollution were also discussed in detail. The single index evaluation results showed that the annual average values in the main part water of Duobao reservoir were over the standards of grand V for the surface water environment quality of China. The main pollution factors were total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and BOD. And the organic pollutant comprehensive index method evaluation results indicated that the main part water of Duobao reservoir were ranked ordinary level in winter and ranked polluted seriously or moderately level in other seasons. The main sources of pollution may be the wastewater discharged from pig breeding farms in the upstream. The water in the discharge area of pig farm waste water was serious polluted and the water quality was over the standards of Grand V. The main pollution factors were the same as in the main water body. In the main water, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, As were very low even couldn＇t detect, only the Mn contents exceeded the standards for the surface water environment quality in the spring and autumn. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline were detected in the reservoir water, and its content of water in the vicinity of pig farms reached 5.35 and 18.56 μg/L, respectively. These results indicated that Duobao reservoir pollution mainly came from the pig farms discharging waste water in upstream.