移栽密度对红芪生长发育及药材产量和质量的影响

Effects of transplant density on the growth,development,officinale yield and quality of Radix hedysari

采用不同移栽密度(行距30cm,株距10,15,20,25和30cm)进行红芪栽培,旨在探寻甘肃省地道产区适宜红芪栽培的移栽密度,为规范化生产提供依据。研究结果表明,在行距一定(30cm)的条件下,随着移栽密度的增大,红芪群体产量显著下降,但药材单根产量和质量均显著提高,株距为25cm条件下移栽成活率最高,植株生长发育健壮,根茎比最大,主茎较粗,药材个体质量指标最佳,侧根少,主根较长,药材根大,质量优异,较传统移栽株行距30cm×30cm药材鲜产量提高14.8%,干药材产量提高22.1%。以上说明甘肃陇南武都区红芪最佳移栽密度株行距为25cm×30cm,折合移栽密度为13.3万株/hm2。

Radix hedysari plants were cultivated at different transplant densities （30 cm between rows and 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm within rows） to explore the adaptive transplant density for cultivating the plant and to provide evidence for its standardized production in the south of Gansu. When the transplant row distance was 30 cm, the plant population yield reduced significantly with the wider plant spacing, but the officinale yield and quality for the individual plants increased. When the plant spacing was 25 cm, the transplanted plants showed the highest survival rate with strong plants, the highest ratio of roots to shoots, thick main stems, high yield and good quality for the individual plants with fewer side roots, long and big main roots, resulting in good quality of officinale roots. Compared with the 30 cm in row distance （the traditional cultivated density） , the officinale yield at a density of 25 cm in row spacing was increased by 14.8% in fresh weight and by 22.1% in dry weight. The above results showed that that 25 cm in row spacing and 30 cm between row distance （25 cm×30 cm）, i.e. 133 thousand plants per hectare, is the optimal density for cultivating Radix hedysari in the south of Gansu.