突发性海洋溢油污染事件应急处理研究

Study on Emergency Treatment of Sudden Marine Oil Spill Pollution Incidents

突发性海洋污染事件包括海上运输漏油、钻井溢油以及事故性漏油等,不仅威胁居民的生命财产安全,而且带来海洋生态环境的破坏以及巨大的经济损失。本文以近几年发生在中国渤海海域的几次溢油事件为研究对象,论述了突发性海洋污染事件的特点、目前中国应对海洋突发性污染事件存在的问题,如应急协调的机制比较单一、应急处理的技术水平较差立法存在缺陷、公众保护海洋生态环境的意识有待提高等,也对中国应对海洋溢油突发事故的应急处理提出了完善应急预警、监测水质控制油污以及形成防控体系、研发处理装备、普及救援知识的建议以及应急处置措施,并提出了相应的建议。

Sudden marine pollution incidents（ SMPIs）, which includes maritime transport of oil spill, drilling for oil spill and accidental oil spill, not only threaten the safety of lives and property of people, but also destroy the marine ecological environment heavily and cause severe pecuniary loss. In the paper, several oil spill events occurred in the Bohai Sea of China in recent years have been selected as the objects, while the characteristics, the current problems and the emergency measures of the SMPIs have been discussed. For example, the emergency coordination mechanisms are not perfect, the technology of emergency handling is of discrepancy, legislation is faulty and public consciousness of protecting the marine ecological environment should be further im- proved. Moreover, the corresponding suggestions concerning emergency treatment of SMPIs, including improvement of the emergency warning, water quality monitoring in case of oil diffusion, formation of prevention and control system, development of treating equipment and popularizing rescue knowledge have been raised at last.