“理性人”的道德契约何以可能——以博弈论为视角

The Possibility of “Rational Man's”Moral Contract——From the prospective of Game Theory

亚当·斯密的理性人假设从逻辑起点上将"利己心理"作为人类的最根本品质与特征,从而回答了人类合作与协调的困境的起因。契约论作为人类社会得以形成的理论基础,充分阐明了从"自然状态"过度到"社会状态"的演化过程。道德的形成,也正是因为有了"社会"的概念才变为现实的。道德契约旨在解释道德本身的形成及作为社会规范得以广为接受的可能性。本文通过博弈论的视角,透析人类社会中伦理困境的起因及解决办法,并建构人类道德生成的博弈模型,从而确立道德契约的理论基础,对于伦理学研究具有重要意义。

Adam Smith＇ s rational man hypothesis takes ＂egoism of psychology＂ as the most fundamental quality and characteristics of human beings logically and thus exposes the cause of human cooperation and coordination of adversity. Moral Contract, as the theoretical basis on which the human society has come into being, fully explicates the evolutional process from ＂natural state＂ to ＂social status＂. Owing to the emergency of the concept for ＂society＂, morality has been constructed and Moral Contract tries to make the explanation for the formation of morality itself and the possibility of the contract＇ being accepted. This paper, from the perspective of Game theory, analyzed the cause of as well as the solution to the ethical dilemma in human society. It is expected to construct a game model for the moral formation of human being and a theoretical foundation for the contract, which has a great significance to the research of the ethics.