生命与仪式:教育人类学视阈下的湘西土家族丧葬文化

Life and Rite: Study of Tujia funeral culture in Western Hunan under visual threshold of educational anthropology

湘西土家族人的丧葬仪式是人生礼仪一个重要的组成部分,它既是人类意识外化的体现,也是一个民族对待死亡态度自觉与不自觉的反映。在丧葬仪式的过程中,每一个细节都充满着对生命的关注与敬畏,体现着对生命的尊重与怀念。重要的是,在这种丧葬习俗的展演中,土家族人的灵魂被触及、被洗涤、被净化,教育、濡染的因子无处不在,它在警示世人,生命诚可贵,但珍爱生命,和谐相处,让生命存在的价值得到极大程度地展现仍然是人生的第一要义。

The funeral rite of Tujia in Western Hunan is an important component part of life amenity. It is not only an external incarnation of human consciousness but also a conscious or unconscious reflection of ethnic group＇ s attitude toward death. In the process of funeral rite, every detail is full of human concern and awe to life, demonstrating respect and yearning for life. What is more important is that, in the demonstration of this funeral rite, the Tujia people＇s soul is touched, washed and purified, with educating and immersing element in every step of the process, giving the lived the warning that life is very precious and should be cherished and people should live in harmony and give fullest exhibition to the value of life, which is the very essential of life.