东亚政治文明思辨中的古学之兴——朱舜水、山鹿素行、荻生徂徕

Development of Political Thought in the Seventeenth Century's East Asia——Ancient Learning,Zhu Shunshui,Yamaga Sogo,and Ogyu Sorai

17世纪在日本出现的儒学新学派古学长久以来一直被认为是孤立的本土自生的。这不但有悖历史真实,更有走向建构狭隘地域民族主义之危。通过对原始文献的交叉求证可以发现,在明末事古学办昌古社、后成为德川幕府水户藩主德川光国宾师的朱舜水对日本古学创始人山鹿素行与荻生徂徕从宋儒转向古学有重大影响。山鹿素行与舜水有密切的交往,在古学方面的主张与舜水雷同。荻生徂徕转向儒学,则受到朱舜水的著述、伊藤仁斋的启发、仁斋门生及舜水门生的影响。

In the 1660s,the Ancient Learning School appeared in Tokugawa Japan.Nevertheless,in Japan,emergence of the school has been treated as an indigenous philosophy.Therefore,the importance of unveiling the historical fact will not only expose the development and impact of political thought in pre-modern East Asia,but will also warn us of the danger of propagandizing aunique,purified national learning.For the purposestated above,this article,based on solid original sources,with a broad viewpoint in human civilization,carefully reviews aims of Ancient Learning and its relations with Yamaga Sogo and Ogyu Solai.Yamaga Sogo had a close relationship to Zhu Shunshui.They also shared identical views and proposals on many major issues.Under the influence of Ito Jinsai and Zhu Shunshui's works,Ogyu Sorai turned his thoughts to the Ancient Learning School.