明代救灾的基本程序与效率

The Basic Procedures and Efficiency of Disaster Relief of Ming Dynasty

明代已形成一套包括急赈、报灾、勘灾、决策、审户、赈济等环节的较为完善的救灾程序,这对于规范救灾行为、减少腐败是有利的。但在实际执行中,出现了机械化、绝对化问题,不少官员"拘于成法",导致救灾效率降低,故而临灾"便宜处置"呼声日益高涨。在完善救灾程序与提高救灾效率的平衡上,明代始终未能很好地把握,其中有二者内在矛盾的因素,也有通讯、交通条件落后的原因,更为主要的是明代政治因素的制约。

The Ming Dynasty had formed a set of more perfect disaster relief procedure, which was advantageous to the standard disaster relief behavior and reducing corruption. However, in actual implementation, there had been mechanized, absolute problems. Many officials limited to law, resulting efficiency of relief, So in the face of disaster, people asked flexibility, so in the face of disasters, the voice of flexibility obtain the support of many people. Ming Dynasty had been unable to complete either a good disaster relief programs or improving the efficiency of disaster relief, which was affected by many factors, such as communication, traffic conditions, but most important was political factors.