不同人群对精神病的态度

Attitudes about Mental Illness of Different Types of Respondents in Beijing

目的 :了解社会不同人群对精神病的态度。 方法 :采用定性研究方法建立精神病态度问卷 ,然后使用该问卷在北京地区对精神分裂症病人及其病人家属、社区居民和精神科医护人员进行调查。 结果 :病人认为精神病人不会给他人带来危险 ,对精神病人的社会价值和治疗希望持最积极态度 ;家属与病人的看法趋向一致 ,但对精神病人的可治疗性和社会贡献不乐观 ;与病人、家属比较 ,社区居民对精神病则持最悲观和最消极态度 ;精神科医护人员对精神病人的社会价值、行为的危险性以及是否要限制精神病人的社会活动等问题的看法 ,与病人、家属比更显悲观 ,但较社区居民的看法更开明。在精神病病因上精神科医护人员的看法与其他三组人群不同 ,更倾向于精神病是由生物因素导致 ,而非个人和家庭问题引起。 结论 :尽快实施有效的干预措施 ,改变人们对精神病的不良态度 ,消除歧视 ,提高病人、家属的自信心和适应能力 ,将会对精神病的治疗与康复 ,改善精神病人的生活质量有着重大意义。

Objective: To understand the attitudes about mental illnesses of different types of community members Method: A questionnaire was first developed using qualitative methods and then administered to 225 schizophrenic patients, 230 family members of schizophrenic patients, 257 community residents and 283 psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses in Beijing Result: Patients were most optimistic and community members were most pessimistic about mental illnesses; family members tend to be optimistic, but were less positive than patients about the social contribution and treatment prospects Mental health professionals were more negative than patients and family members but less negative than community members about social contribution, dangerousness, and need to restrict the behavior of those mentally ill Unlike the other three groups, mental health professionals were much more likely to attribute mental illnesses to biological factors and much less to consider personal or social causes Conclusion: To improve patient's and family members' damaged self-esteem, to enhance compliance with treatment, and to maximize patients' social rehabilitation, it is essential to rapidly institute effective measures of decreasing negative attitudes about the mentally ill in the community