妊娠期及产后早期盆底肌肉锻炼的研究进展

Advances of pelvic floor muscle training in gestation period and early postpartum period

盆底肌肉锻炼(PFMT)是指以耻骨-尾骨肌肉群为主的盆骨肌肉群主动性的肌肉锻炼,能够提升尿道阻力,增强控尿能力。研究发现,分娩与妊娠会造成盆底神经与肌肉的损伤,而阴道分娩会影响阴部神经以及分支的功能。妊娠期PFMT能够增强孕妇盆底血液循环,提高盆底肌肉的张力,减轻妊娠期子宫对下肢静脉血管的压迫,减少骨盆内脂肪的积累,避免压力性尿失禁,产后性功能障碍等疾病的发生。该文就妊娠期与产后早期PFMT的研究进展进行了综述。

Pelvic floor muscle training（PFMT） refers to the initiative exercise of pelvic floor muscles which mainly consist of pubococcygeal muscles .PEMT can improve urethral resistance , enhance the ability to control the u-rine.The studies found that childbirth and gestation can cause the damage of pelvic nerve and muscle , and vaginal delivery may affect the function of the pudendal nerve and its branches .PFMT during gestation period can enhance maternal pelvic blood circulation , improve pelvic floor muscle tension , reduce the compression of gestation uterine on veins of lower extremity ,reduce the accumulation of fat in the pelvis , avoid the occurrence of stress urinary inconti-nence ,postpartum sexual dysfunction and other diseases .This paper mainly reviews the research progress of PFMT in gestation period and early postpartum period .