油棕象甲室内生物学特性及形态观察

Biological and morphological observations on Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust( Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the laboratory

在室内对油棕象甲Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust生物学特性及其形态进行系统观察。在温度为24-28℃,RH 75%-95%,光照12 h的条件下用油棕Elaeis guineensis雄花饲养油棕象甲各虫态,每4 h观察记录各虫态的形态学特征及其发育情况,测量各虫态体长、体宽、体重等重要发育指标。结果表明油棕象甲卵的发育历期平均为16.00±0.71 h,整个幼虫期的历期平均为2.63±0.05 d,预蛹和蛹的平均发育历期分别为3.21±0.37 d和2.21±0.41 d,油棕象甲完成一个世代平均需要13.67±0.75 d。1龄幼虫体长1.70±0.08 mm,体重0.0006±0.0001 g,之后随龄期迅速增加,至3龄时,体长为2.88±0.06 mm,体重增加到0.0021±0.0001 g。蛹期体长为2.17-3.05 mm,蛹重0.0015-0.0028 g。油棕象甲成虫具有雌雄二型现象,子代性比(雌∶雄)为1.65∶1。油棕象甲是油棕最高效、最安全的授粉昆虫,其基础生物学和形态学研究是该虫室内扩繁技术研究的基础,本研究结果旨在为油棕象甲的保护利用提供理论依据。

Pollinating weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust is the most efficient insect pollinator of oil palm Elaeis guineensis. To observe systematically the biological and morphological characteristics of E. kamerunicus in the laboratory. The morphological characteristics and development process of E. kamerunicus fed on the male inflorescences of oil palm under the laboratory conditions of 24 - 28 ℃, RH 75% -95% , and photoperiod 12L： 12D were recorded every 4 h and the body length, body width and body weight at different developmental stages were measured. The results showed the average egg period, the whole larval period, the pre - pupal and pupal periods of E. kamerunicus were 16. 00 ± 0.71 h, 2.63 ± 0.05 d, 3.21 ±0. 37 d, and 2. 21 ±-. 41 d, respectively, and the generation period was 13.67 ± 0.75 d. The body length and weight of the 1 st instar larvae were 1.70 ± 0.08 mm and 0. 0006 ± 0. 0001 g, those of the 3ra instar larvae were 2. 88± 0.06 mm and 0. 0021 ± 0. 0001 g, and those of pupae were 2. 17 - 3.05 mm and 0. 0015 - 0. 0028 g, respectively. E. kamerunicus adults showedsexual dimorphism, and the sex ratio （ female to male ） of the offsprings was 1.65 ： h Elaeidobius kamerunicus is an important insect pollinator of oil palm, and its biological and morphological studies are the basis of mass - rearing. The results of this study may provide a theoretical foundation for E. kamerunicus protection and utilization.