成龄苎麻田套作蔬菜模式对苎麻农艺性状和产量的影响研究

Research on Effect of Intercropping Patterns of Ramie and Vegetables on Agronomy Traits and Yields of Ramie

对湖南地区成龄苎麻田冬季套作蔬菜的种类、经济效益及套种对苎麻农艺性状和产量的影响进行研究。结果表明:成龄麻田种植蔬菜要选择育苗移栽的种植方式,蔬菜可选择抗寒性较强的叶菜类和茎菜类,收获期最迟不能超过4月上旬。套作蔬菜对苎麻农艺性状和产量有影响,尤其是对头麻的影响最大、二麻次之,对三麻的影响最小。套作豌豆、生菜、榨菜和芥菜可显著增加头麻的产量。麻田套作蔬菜在产量、产值及经济效益上均体现出一定的优势,尤其是芥菜—苎麻套作模式的土地当量比最高,可作为南方坡地成龄麻田套作的最佳模式,其次为小白菜—苎麻,莴苣—苎麻、榨菜—苎麻和雪里蕻—苎麻模式较好,产值较高。

Different speices of vegetables were intercropped in the mature-ramie fields during the winter spare time in Hunan Province.The economic benefits and the effect of intercropping modes on ramie agronomy traits and yields were studied.The results showed that rasing seedlings,transplanting,leaf vegetables and stem vegetables that were cold-resistant should be selected in mature ramie fields.The vegetables were harvested in early April at the latest.Intercropping had effect on the traits and yields of ramie,most on the first crop,least on the third crop .Intercropping Pisum sativum,Tettuce,Tsatsai and Brassica juncea could increase the yields of the first crop significantly.Intercropping vegetables had certain advantages on yields,output value and economic bebefit,especially the land equivalent ratio of Brassica juncea-ramie was the highest,which could be the optimal mode in the south of sloping mature-ramie fields .Then were Pakchoi-ramie,Lactuca sativa-ramie,tsatsai-ramie,leaf mustard-ramie with high output value.