2005～2012年新疆南部棉区陆海杂交种主要经济性状优势分析

Comparative Analysis of Economic Traits Advantages of Interspecific(G.hirsutum×G.barbadense) Cotton Hybrids in Southern Xinjiang from 2005 to 2012

[目的]研究陆海杂交棉在高密度植棉模式下主要经济性状优势,为新疆南疆棉区陆海杂交棉利用提供理论依据.[方法]利用2005 ～2012年南疆202份陆海杂交棉和常规陆地棉区域试验品系和审定品种的皮棉产量、纤维品质性状多年多点数据,进行对比分析.[结果]在高密度膜下滴灌种植模式下,陆海杂交棉参试数量大体呈下降趋势,除单株铃数区间跨度大于常规棉外,其余性状小于常规棉或与之相当.区试杂交棉组合与审定杂交棉品种在单株铃数、籽指上均高于常规陆地棉,但在单铃重、衣分方面低于常规棉,均达到了极显著差异,平均皮棉产量差异不显著;每年高产组合皮棉产量显著低于常规棉.在主要纤维品质方面均极显著优于常规棉.[结论]在目前南疆高密度植棉模式下,参试陆海杂交棉组合较常规陆地棉平均皮棉产量基本相当,纤维品质优势明显,但农艺性状较差.应进一步发掘其优势基因,以期获得突破性强的优势组合.

[ Objective] This project aims to study the main economic characters＇ superiority under high density planting of regional test strains and certificated varieties of the interspecifie （ G. hirsutum x G. barba- dense） 1;1 cotton hybrids in Southern Xinjiang of China so as to provide theoretical basis for using hybrid utili- zation. [ Method] The data of lint yield and 202 fiber traits in regional test strains and certificated varieties of the hybrid cotton in Southern Xinjiang from 2005 to 2012 were applied in this study for analysis. [ Result] The amount of hybrids cotton was a roughly downward trend at the high density of drip irrigation in regional test, the main characters＂ amplitude indexes of （G. hirsutum x G. barbadense） cotton hybrids were less or undifferentiated than the conventional cotton except for the number of boils per plant. The number of boils per plant and seed index of the cotton hybrids strains and certificated varieties were significantly higher than that of the conventional cotton in regional test, but at boll weight and lint percentage were lower, reaching extremely sig- nificant degree, but the average lint yield was not significant. The high lint yield per year of regional test strains were significantly lower than that of the conventional cotton and the main fiber quality were significantly superior. [ Conclusion] The interspecific （G. hirsutum x G. barbadense） cotton hybrids was more or less than that of the conventional upland cotton, and the main fiber quality were significantly superior, but had poor agronomic traits at the high - density in Southern Xinjiang, so it is necessary to further explore its domi- nant genes and make breakthrough at some point in stronger and advantageous combination in the future.