两伊战争与中伊关系

Iran-Iraq War and Sino-Iranian Relation

两伊战争是中伊关系历史上的一个特殊时期。两伊战争对伊朗而言是惨痛的经历,对中国而言是恢复中伊两国友好关系的重要契机。两伊战争期间,伊朗在初期实行非理性的外交使之陷入国际孤立,其后由于战争的艰苦环境迫使伊朗改变对外政策,尝试改善与各国的关系。与此同时的中国正值改革开放新时期,以独立自主的外交政策发展与各国的关系,尤其重视与战略上对自身有重要意义的伊朗的关系。该时期中伊两国关系从一开始的冷淡甚至敌对逐渐走向深化合作,其原因除了两国文明的共同性及历史传统之外,还在于两国利益的契合点与互相需求:伊朗在国际孤立的困境迫使其需要外国的支持,在联合国上为其说话,战争环境下对进口武器弹药的需求,冷战格局下对抗美苏霸权的考量;中国认为伊朗地缘政治对本国利益具有重要意义,中国拥有独立的经济体系和国防工业可以满足伊朗需求,中国平等互利的交往原则更合伊朗心意。

The Iran-Iraq war is a special period in Sino-Iranian relation history. Though the war is a miserable experience for Iran, it is a great opportunity for China to resume its friendly relation with the country. At the early phase of the war, Iran＇s irrational diplomacy threw itself into international isolation, and then the difficult warring situation drove Iranian to change their diplomatic policies and attempt to improve Iran＇s relation with other counties. Meanwhile, at its beginning of reform and opening-up, China adopted self-reliant diplomatic policies and paid attention to Iran which is strategically important to this eastern Asia power. During the period, Sino-Iranian relation tuned from earlier coldness or even hostility to later intensified cooperation. There are multiple reasons for this change. In addition to similarities in civilization and historical traditions, interest agreement and mutual needs make key differences： Iran under international isolation needed foreign supporters who can speak for it in the UN, provide it arms in warring situation and help it against Soviet and U.S hegemonies in the cold war; while China believed Iran significant in geopolitics. China＇s independent economic system and defense industry meet Iranian needs, and its equal and mutual-profit principles is more acceptable in Iranian mind.