军队在职干部营养KAP与健康状况调查及相关性分析

Survey and correlation analysis of nutrition KAP and health condition among military in-service cadres

目的了解军队干部营养"知识-态度-行为"(KAP)的现状及其健康状况,为健康教育提供依据及方向。方法利用随机整群抽样方法,抽取240名在职干部作为调查对象。营养KAP调查采用自行设计的自填式调查问卷,健康状况调查根据统一体检所得数据进行分析。结果军队在职干部对营养知识掌握不够全面,营养知识得分为(11.43±2.81)分(满分16分);营养态度较好,营养态度得分(9.73±1.39)分(满分11分);饮食行为有待改善,饮食行为得分(30.01±5.02)分(满分42分)。营养知识和态度之间有明显正相关关系(r=0.341,P<0.01),营养知识得分与学历、性别有关;饮食行为和态度之间有明显正相关关系(r=0.372,P<0.01),饮食行为得分与年龄有关。在职干部体检结果中有异常者152人(67.3%),其中脂肪肝75人(33.2%)、高脂血症65人(28.8%)、高尿酸血症59人(26.1%),男女差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健康状况得分(8.31±1.60)分(满分10分),健康状况得分与营养KAP得分有明显正相关关系(r=0.482,P<0.01)。结论军队在职干部营养知识水平较低,营养态度良好,饮食行为和膳食结构不够合理,慢性病检出率较高,应加强军队在职干部营养知识的普及,采用多方式进行营养指导,以促进身体素质的提高,预防慢性病发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation of nutritional ＂Knowledge-Attitude-Practice＂ （KAP）among military in-service cadres and their health status so as to provide the basis and direction for health education. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 240 in-service cadres for the survey.Nutritional KAP survey was conducted by a self-designed and self-administered questionnaire, and health status survey was analyzed according to the data from physical examination.Results Military in-service cadres didn＇t have com- plete acquisition of nutrition knowledge with the knowledge score of（11.43 ±2.81）points（out of 16 points）, nutrition attitude was good with a score of（9.73 ± 1.39）points（out of 11 points） , dietary behavior needed improvement with a score of （30.01 ±5.02）points（out of 42 points）.There was a significantly positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and attitude （r = 0.341, P 〈 0.01 ）;nutritional knowledge score was related to education and gender;significant positive correlation was found between attitude and practice （r = 0.372, P 〈 0.01）;dietary behavior score was related to age.The physical examination results of in-service cadres were abnormal in 152 people（67.3%）,with 75 people of fatty liver（33.2%）, 65 people of hyperlipidemia（28.8%）, 59 people of hyperuricemia（26.1%）, men and women were significantly different （P 〈 0.05）.Health status score was （8.31 ±1.60）points（out of 10）, there was a significantly positive correlation between health status score and nutritional KAP score（r = 0.482, P 〈 0.01 ）.Conclusion Military in-service cadres have low nutritional knowledge level, good nutritional attitude, insufficiently rational dietary behavior and pattern, high detection rate of chronic diseases, which deserves to strengthen the popularization of nutrition knowledge among military in-service cadres with multiple methods for nutritional guidance so as to promote physical fitness improvement and prevent chronic diseases.