脑小血管病发病机制和神经影像学特征

Pathogenesis and neuroimaging features of cerebral small vessel disease

脑小血管病极为常见,其引起的症状性与无症状性小卒中患者数量逐年提高。内皮功能障碍、血脑屏障受损、缺血和低灌注损伤及遗传因素都被认为与脑小血管病发病密切相关。脑深部小梗死、脑白质病变、脑微出血及血管周围间隙扩大被公认为是脑小血管病的影像学标志。本文对脑小血管病的发病机制和常见影像学表现作一综述。

Cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD） is a common subtype of cerebrovascular disease. The number of symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with minor stroke due to CSVD increases year by year. Endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier damage, ischemia and hypoperfusion-caused injury, genetic factors are considered to be related with the pathogenesis of CSVD. Small deep stroke, white matter lesion, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular space are considered to be the neuroimaging features of CSVD. Following is a review of the pathogenesis and neuroimaging features of CSVD.