深圳市树木花粉调查及其与气候要素相关性研究

Investigation of Tree Pollen and Its Correlation with Climatic Elements in Shenzhen

目的探讨深圳市树木花粉的种类、数量及季节消长规律与气候要素的相关性,为本地区植被的绿化和花粉症防治提供有效资料。方法应用Burkard采样器于2013年2月1日至2013年10月31日对深圳市(选定深圳市深圳大学校园空旷地带作为监测站)树木花粉浓度进行监测,并对花粉浓度进行统计学分析。结果共收集花粉21 325粒,其中树木花粉19 823粒,占总数的92.9%。鉴定树木花粉23种,以松科(27.0%)和大戟科(13.7%)为主,其他依次为:木麻黄科、杉科、桃金娘科、木樨科、无患子科、桑科、杨柳科等。深圳市全年均有树木花粉飘散,存在2个高峰分别在2—4月和9—10月。树木花粉的传播与日照时数、气压和风速呈正相关;与平均气温、相对湿度和降雨量呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论根据深圳市树木花粉的种类、数量及季节消长规律及与气候要素的相关性结果,可以为本地区植被的绿化和花粉症防治提供有效资料。

Objective To investigate the types and concentrations of tree pollen and their corre- lation with seasonal fluctuation and climatic elements in Shenzhen,and to provide the effective in formation for the afforestation and pollinosis prevention. Methods The airborne pollens were collected with a Burkard pollen sampler on Shenzhen university campus from February 1,2013 to October 31,2013. The pollen concentrations were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 21 325 pollen grains were collected, including 19 823 tree pollen grains（92.9 %）. Twenty-three types of pollen were identified,mainly including Pinaceae pollen（27.0%） and Euphorbiacea pollen（13.7%）. The others were Casuarinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Myrtaceaee, Osmanthus, Sapindaceae, Moraceae and Salicaceae. Tree pollen drift occurred all year round with two peaks in spring（February to April） and autumn（ September to October）, respectively. The dissemination of tree pollen was positively cor- related with insolation duration, atmospheric pressure and air velocity, but negatively correlated with air temperature,relative humidity and rainfall（all P〈0.05）. Conclusion The investigation on the types and concentrations of tree pollen and their correlation with seasonal fluctuation and climatic elements can provide the effective information for the afforestation and pollinosis preven- tion in Shenzhen.