南昌市东湖区社区居民主要健康问题及影响因素现状

Health Problems and Their Influence Factors among Community Residents in Donghu District of Nanchang

目的了解南昌市东湖区社区居民的健康状况及其危险因素,为制定社区居民健康维护计划及慢性病管理提供依据。方法以南昌市东湖区所辖街道、居委会为抽样单位,采用分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取了2 766户家庭,共调查8 554例居民,8 463例有效样本人群,通过面对面询问方式调查了居民的主要健康问题,并对资料进行统计分析。结果社区居民2周患病率为10.20%,疾病谱前5位为:感冒、高血压、关节炎、糖尿病及冠心病。慢性病患病率为24.67%,慢性病疾病谱前5位为:高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性胃炎及关节炎。影响因素:≥18岁吸烟率为24.41%、饮酒率为15.15%、体质量超标率为25.90%(超质量21.66%,肥胖4.24%)、经常感到紧张者30.7%、3餐不规律者5.8%、饮食口味重者33.64%和体育锻炼性质以低强度为主占70.43%。结论居民的主要健康问题是慢性病患病率较高,以高血压、糖尿病、冠心病为主。恶性肿瘤成为主要的死亡问题。控制体质量、戒烟、限酒、限盐及调节压力应作为社区卫生服务工作计划的核心,以提高社区居民的健康水平。

Objective To understand the health problems of community residents and their risk factors in Donghu District of Nanchang,and to provide a basis for the formulation of health main-tenance plan and the management of chronic disease.Methods Residential streets and committees of Donghu District of Nanchang were selected as the sampling units,and 2 766 households（8 554 residents,8 463 valid samples）were selected using stratified cluster sampling method.The health problems of community residents were investigated by face-to-face interview and data were statis-tically analyzed.Results The two-week prevalence rate was 10.20% among community resi-dents.The top five diseases of the disease spectrum were：colds,hypertension,arthritis,diabetes and coronary heart disease.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 24.67% among communi-ty residents.The top five diseases of the disease spectrum were：hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,chronic gastritis and arthritis.Influence risk of residents aged 1 8 years or older,＆amp;nbsp;24.41% smoked,15.15% drank,25.90% had excessive body weight（overweight in 21.66%,obe-sity in 4.24%）,30.7% often felt nervous,5.8% had irregular meals,33.64% had high-salt diet, and 70.43% mainly performed low intensity exercise.Conclusion The higher prevalence of chro-nic diseases is the major health problem among community residents,especially hypertension,dia-betes and coronary heart disease.Malignant tumors are the major problems of death.Weight con-trol,smoking cessation,alcohol restriction,salt restriction and pressure regulation should be con-sidered as the core of community health service plan to improve the health of community resi-dents.