汉文帝时期的权力结构与政治斗争——以臣立君为中心的考察

On the Power Structure and Political Struggle during the Period of Han Wendi——Taking the Feudal Officials' Choice of Emperor as the Example

文帝的即位背景使得他与功臣集团的关系较为微妙,在匈奴和诸侯王的双重威胁下他们必须相互依赖和支持,但文帝试图伸张皇权,功臣集团亦力图维持权势,双方之冲突不可避免。文帝与功臣集团在薄昭、贾谊的问题上,在改"德运"的问题上,互有攻守,但所有的冲突均是以间接的形式、在可控制的范围内展开的,双方保持着不触碰对方最后底线的默契。这种政治冲突冷处理的背后蕴涵着强大的张力,凸显了汉初政局的特征。

The background of choosing Han Wendi as the emperor makes the relation between him and the supportive group of officials subtle because of their mutual dependence and support under the double pressure of Hun and vassal kings. However, it is inevitable for them to conflict since Han Wendi attempts to expand his imperial power while the officials want to maintain their power. Facing with the problems of Bo Zhao and Jia Yi, and the fate of the empire, their struggle is indirect and under control, by which they have the tacit understanding to keep their bottom line. The strong tension implied in the process of cold deal of the political conflicts manifests the characteristics of the political situation in the early Han Dynasty.