中国古代廉吏伦理人格的心理解读

A Psychological Interpretation of the Moral Character of Honest Officials in Ancient China

受儒家伦理文明的长久浸润和熏陶,中国古代廉吏在心理上具备了超乎常人的意志力量。在其人格系统中,超我占据着绝对的主导地位。因此,他们不仅能在污浊的官场中保持一颗清明之心,也能在个人低级需要没有满足的前提下,为更高级的需要而奋斗。他们以近似苦行的方式与超越自我的至善行为,体现了超凡脱俗的神圣性,是特殊的自我实现者。在中华文化复兴的呼声日益高涨的今天,对这一特殊群体的伦理人格和心理机制进行探讨,不仅具有重要的学术意义,也具有积极的现实意义。

The honest ofifcials in ancient China, who had long been nurtured by the Confucian ethics, had an extraordinary will power in their minds. The superego was dominant in their personality. This enabled them to remain uncontaminated in the corrupted ofifcialdom and to strive for higher needs when their lower needs were not satisifed. Their ascetic and perfectionist behavior demonstrated extraordinary sacredness, which made them a special group of self-actualizers. It is of both theoretical and practical value to explore the moral character and psychological mechanism of this special group of people in the rise of the Chinese culture.