“大、小传统”之间:论郭璞《山海经图赞》的天人感应思想

Between the Great and Little Traditions:the Thoughts of Interaction Between Heaven and Humans in Praise of Figures of Shan Hai Jing by Guo Pu

从远古到晋代,天人感应思想经历了大、小传统的数次变迁。在《汉书·艺文志》中,《山海经》被列入数术略形法类。郭璞《山海经图赞》的天人感应思想表现为基本模式与特殊模式,理论基石是气论、神论、天论以及三者的杂糅。《山海经图赞》掺杂了一些玄学思想,说明郭璞并非不懂玄学。他之所以放弃"大传统"而选择"小传统",与其学术传承和政治理想有关。郭璞继承了汉代方士化儒者的传统。他虽有避世思想,但仍积极投身于政治之中,目的是为了以"天"为限制因素,恳求帝王减轻刑狱、勤政爱民。他以"兼济天下"为己任,通过占卜敦促温峤、庾亮等人兴兵讨逆,最终付出了生命的代价。

From antiquity to the Jin Dynasty, the thoughts of interaction between Heaven and humans experienced several changes, Shan Hai Jing or The Classics of Mountains and Seas was classified as the witchcraft type in History of the Han Dynasty. Guo Pu＇s thoughts of interaction between Heaven and Humans could be divided into two modes：basic mode and special mode. The theoretical foundation was theories of qi, deity and Heaven or the combination of the three. There were some metaphysical thoughts his thoughts, showing that he was also a student of metaphysics. He chose the ＂little tradition＂ by abandoning the ＂great tradition＂ was due to his academic traditions and political ideals. He inherited the Confucian traditions from the Han dynasty. In spite of his evasive thoughts, he still played an active role in politics, using the theory of interaction between Heaven and humans to limit emperor s＇ power. He thought that he should do something beneficial to the country and the people, so he urged Wen Qiao and Yu Liang to defend Wang Dun through divination, but ended up in losing his own life.