妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者健康教育需求调查分析

Health Education Needs of Pregnant Patients with Hepatitis B

目的了解妊娠合并乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)患者的健康教育需求状况,探讨合理的健康教育方式,为做好妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者的健康教育提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,对110例妊娠合并乙肝的住院患者进行健康教育内容(母婴阻断方法、母乳喂养知识、产检注意事项、消毒隔离方法、饮食及活动指导、乙肝治疗效果、用药知识及心理调试方法等)及健康教育方式(一对一讲解、多媒体放映、发放健康教育手册、集体讲座及健康教育宣传栏等)的需求状况进行调查。结果妊娠合并乙肝患者对健康教育内容及方式的需求状况中,母婴阻断知识和一对一讲解分别为最高需求。大专及以上学历的患者在心理调试指导及健康教育手册发放方面的需求高于高初中及以下学历的患者,而对知晓乙肝治疗效果的需求低于高初中及以下学历的患者(均P<0.05)。结论不同文化程度的妊娠合并乙肝患者对健康教育内容和方式的需求略有不同,应根据这一特点实施针对性的护理,从而提高护理服务质量和患者对护理工作的满意度。

Objective To understand the health education needs of pregnant patients with hepatitis B, and to investigate the reasonable health education methods for these patients. Methods The questionnaire was designed to investigate the needs of 110 pregnant patients with hepatitis B for health education content （prevention of mother-to-child transmission approach, breastfeeding knowledge, prenatal precautions, disinfection and isolation methods, diet and activity guidance, treatment efficacy for hepatitis B, medication knowledge, psychological adjustment methods, etc. ）and health education methods （one-to-one explanation, multimedia presentation, health education handbook dissemination, collective lecture, health education bulletin board, etc. ）. Results Pregnant patients with hepatitis B had the highest requirements for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission knowledge and one-to-one explanation. In addition, patients with college degree or above had higher requirements for psychological adjustment guidance and health education handbook dissemination but lower requirements for awareness of treatment efficacy than patients with junior high school degree or below （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are differences in the needs for education contents and methods among patients with different cultural degrees. Therefore, the targeted nursing should be implemented to improve nursing service quality and patient satisfaction.