新型分散染料常压可染聚酯超细纤维的研制

Research and Development of A New Disperse Atmospheric Dyeable Polyester Microiber

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)很难常压沸染,PET超细纤维常压条件下几乎不能上染。本研究以精对苯二甲酸(PTA)、间苯二甲酸(IPA)、乙二醇(EG)及聚乙二醇(PEG)为基本原料合成了一种新型常压分散染料可染聚酯(NEDDPET);其中IPA的加入可使改性聚酯的结晶结构得以松散,PEG的适量添加致使聚酯的玻璃化转变温度和结晶温度有所降低,从而有利于聚酯纤维实现常压沸染和深染,同时确保制品的染色牢度达到较高等级;PEG的添加能改善大分子的流动性能,提高改性聚酯的分子量,增强纤维的物理机械性能。以NEDDPET为岛组分、易水解聚酯(EHDPET)为海组分纺制的海岛型复合纤维具有良好的可纺性,所纺复合纤维物理机械性能理想。开纤后,由岛组分超细纤维加工的织物在常压条件下具有较好的分散染料上染性,染色后其各项色牢度等级可达服用指标的要求。

PET microfiber can hardly be boiling dyed under atmospheric conditions. In this study, a new disperse atmospheric dyeable polyester （NEDDPET） is synthesized using PTA, IPA, EG and PEG as the basic raw materials. In the process, adding IPA can make the crystalline structure of modified polyester loose, and appropriate adding of PEG can lead to lower glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature, thus realize atmospheric boiling dyeing and anachromasis of PET fiber, while keeping a high level of color fastness. PEG is added to improve the flow properties of the macromolecule and molecular weight of the modified PET, also enhance the fiber＇s mechanical performance. The sea-island type composite fiber, which uses NEDDPET as the island, easy hydrolysis degradable polyester （EHDPET） as the sea has a good spinnability, and its mechanical performance is good. A kind of microfiber is made from this composite fiber, the tests show that the fabric knitted of the microfiber can meet the color fastness requirements after dyeing.