《三里湾》对农村“集体”的想象及其局限

Imagination of collective in countryside and its limitation of Zhao Shuli in Sanli Wan

从历史和文献来看,1949—1966年中国农村集体主义革命中的"集体",其形态与意义都是被逐步想象和建构起来的。《三里湾》依托于"社员"、工分和"户"等层面,揭示了其时三里湾的农民正在开始走向现代性的社会。但是,赵树理和《三里湾》的卓越之处更在于,经由"民间传统"、口头语言以及与农民群众"共事"等问题,"集体"概念的内涵被给予了孤绝而幽深的辩难。赵树理是谨慎的,他执着地坚持"有多少写多少",这使得"三里湾"同时也留下了复杂的历史遗响。

In China’s collectivistic revolution of village in 1949-1966, seen from the history and the documents, theappearance and the meanings of “collective” were gradually imagined and constructed. Tracing the levels of“member-peasant”, workpoints and “household”, etc, the novel SanliWan indicated that the mass in the village wereheading for the society of modernity. But, the real excellences of Zhao Shu-li and his SanliWan lay in that, through“folk tradition”, oral language, and “working together” with the crowd, the content of concept “collective” is givensome unique and profound meanings.