福柯知识考古学方法论评析

On Michel Foucault's the Methodology of Knowledge Archaeology

福柯在反思前人的认识论和方法论的基础上,立足知识考古学、思想史、话语规律,利用语言分析法和后结构主义对人类文化史、知识史、科学史,及有关社会结构、话语背景、概念形成和权力性质进行了透彻分析;并从各个方面对长期统治人类历史的理性、主体性和现代性进行了激烈否定;将以理性和科学为根基的结构主义推到一个历史学和解释学层面,形成一种独到的批判理性主义、逻辑主义和当代仍占统治地位的意识形态的后结构主义;确立了一种具有颠覆性认识价值和多元论特质的知识考古学及其认识论和方法论。

Foucault analyses thoroughly the history of human culture and knowledge, the social structure, discourse background and the quality of power by the method of language analysis and post-strueturalism based on the knowledge archaeology, the reflections on predecessors＇ epistemology and the criticism of history method. He criticizes heatedly the rationality, subjectivity, modernity and capitalism that governing the course of human history from all aspects, pushes the structuralism with the rationality and science as the foundations to the level of history and hermeneutics, forms the unique post-strueturalism that is aimed at deconstructing the rationality, the form logic and the ideology that still reign supreme in contemporary, and Established the knowledge archaeology and its epistemology and methodology possessing cognitive value and pluralism characteristics.