汉语词义演变机制例探

A Case Exploration of Evolutional Mechanism of Chinese Words Meaning

文章选取数个现代汉语常用词进行历时的考察,并与其相关同义或近义词的发展情况做了对比,重在讨论汉语词义发展所涉的语言本体、个人主观认知、客观社会发展等主要要素间的关联和作用情况。构词语素意义的常用性和直观性对词语的发展影响很大,不仅使得词语在与同义词的竞争中胜出,同时也影响到语法规则和认知习惯对于词汇发展方向的作用。这与汉民族直观、意象的整体性思维方式有密切的关系。

The article selects several common words in modern Chinese to make the diachronic investigation and contrasts with the development of their synonyms. It focuses on the connection among language ontology,the subjective cognition of people and the objective of social development. From the investigation,we know that the frequency and intuition of the meaning of the morpheme have a significant impact on the development of that word. They not only help the word to win in the competition with its synonyms,but also affect the grammar rules and the habit of cognition which affect the development of the word. This is closely related to the Chinese people's integrated thought which is instinctive and paratactic.