比较优势、异质性企业与出口“生产率悖论”——基于对中国制造业上市企业的分析

Comparative Advantage, Firm Heterogeneity and “Productivity Paradox” of Export: An Empirical Analysis on Chinese Listed Manufacturing Companies

国家间要素禀赋差异和部门间要素密集度差异会导致属于不同部门的企业在出口竞争能力上的差异,比较优势部门内的企业凭借其价格——生产率"二元选择优势"出现出口"生产率悖论"的概率要大于比较劣势部门内的企业,并且企业的出口倾向越高,这种概率越大。实证分析发现比较优势部门是我国出口"生产率悖论"产生的根源,"出口选择悖论"和"出口学习悖论"仅适用于我国比较优势部门内的企业,尤其是民营比较优势部门内的企业,我国比较劣势部门内的企业没有表现出"出口选择悖论"和"出口学习悖论"。

Due to the difference of factor endowments between countries and the difference of factor intensity between industries, firms from different sectors vary distinctively in terms of competitiveness in export. The probability of confronting ＂productivity paradox＂ for firms from comparatively advantageous sectors is higher than those from comparatively disadvantageous sectors because the former have the advantage of choice between price and productivity; the higher the export inclination, the higher the probability. This empirical analysis confirms that the comparatively advantageous sectors are the cradle for China＇ s ＂productivity paradox＂ of export. The ＂paradox of export choice＂ and the ＂paradox of learning by exporting＂ are only found to be in firms in comparatively advantageous sectors in China, especially in comparatively advantageous private sectors. Firms from comparatively disadvantageous sectors have shown neither ＂paradox of export choice＂ nor ＂paradox of learning by exporting＂