纳博科夫翻译观中翻译行为的限制性与创造性阐释

Nabokov's Translation Strategy's Restriction and Creation of Translation Activities

纳博科夫认为翻译的唯一目标是语言之间信息的准确转换,并强调译文必须与原文在内容、语言形式、句子结构等方面保持高度一致。纳氏在其英俄、俄英译著中,尤其是《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的英译作品中践行了逐字逐句直译的翻译准则。翻译行为的绝对忠实对译者而言是极其不易的,这既是翻译的限制性,也是翻译行为的根本问题。基于纳博科夫英俄文学翻译作品的文本材料,分析其翻译行为在词汇、音韵以及语法等方面的限制性。翻译行为的限制性与创造性这对二元对立因素,本不存在绝对的好与坏,但纳博科夫认为翻译行为不应带有译者的个人风格,亦不应是译者的创造性行为。纳博科夫肯定翻译限制性以及否定翻译创造性即是贯穿其翻译观的重要观点,纳氏的流亡背景以及"俄罗斯情节"则是其翻译观形成的根本原因。

Nabokov claims that the sole goal of the translation is to replace one language with equal textual material, and he stresses that the translation must be highly consistent with the original in terms of content, language forms, sentence structure, etc. Nabokov carries out the principle of literal translation in the Anglo-Russian, Russian-English translation works, especially in the English translation work Eugene Onegin. Absolutely faithful translation is extremely difficult for the translator, which is not only the restriction of translation, but also the fundamental problem of translation activity. Hence, the restriction of translation activity, in the aspects of vocabulary, rhythm and grammar, is analyzed based on Nabokov＇s Anglo-Russian translation works in this paper. Restriction and creation of translation activities are dualism factors without absoluteness, but Nabokov claims that a translator should not impose his own personal style upon translation, and translation activity is not the translator＇s personal creation activity. Nabokov＇s positive attitude toward translation activity restriction and negative attitude toward its creation are Nabokov＇s most important translation strategies. Moreover, the essential reasons for Nabokov to form his translation strategy are his life experiences, that is, his exile background and his Russian complex.