美国最高法院的法理型宪法解释方法:综述与批评

A Review and Critique of American Supreme Court's Interpretation Methods of the Constitution

美国最高法院的宪法解释方法是理解它的职能和作用的钥匙,但美国学界对此众说纷纭,莫衷一是。可将有关美国最高法院法理型宪法解释方法的论说归纳为条文主义、原旨主义、学理主义和价值主义四种,但这四种宪法解释方法无一能涵盖美国最高法院司法实践的全貌,大法官们往往是在权衡法律、先例、案件的影响及判决可能产生的效果后,选择最为合适的解释方法对判决进行合理化论证。与其将最高法院的宪法解释捆绑在某个确定的方法上,不如去挖掘这些方法背后的司法态度和风格。

This article categorizes existing theories of legal model on American Supreme Court＆#39;s constitutional interpretation methods into 4 types, i.e. Textualism, Originalism, Doctrinal Approach and Ethical Argument. By examining these theories in light of Supreme Court’s constitutional rulings, this article aims at disclosing their deficiency in explaining power, and claims that they all fail to cover the whole picture of Supreme Court＆#39;s constitutional interpretation.