中亚与邻区盆地群构造演化及含油气性

Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential of Basins in Central Asia and Its Adjacent Regions

基于中亚及其邻区大地构造和盆地构造演化,利用古板块再造、地理信息软件等对中亚盆地群的构造演化及含油气性进行探讨。中亚与邻区盆地群在早古生代分属不同陆块,这些陆块于早石炭世开始汇聚,早二叠世完成拼合,形成中亚盆地群。汇聚前该区受到海西期构造影响,在中生代伸展构造和新生代挤压构造的作用下形成的众多盆地类型为叠合盆地。该区主要烃岩源发育于海西期早期和中—新生代伸展背景的裂谷事件。油气主要集中在侏罗系(41%)和石炭系(37%)中,主要的勘探目的层是碳酸盐岩、礁灰岩、膏岩和泥岩。阿姆河、费尔干纳、图尔盖和阿富汗—塔吉克等盆地的油气主要集中于前陆冲断带和凹陷断阶带。滨里海、北乌斯丘尔特和曼各什拉克等克拉通盆地油气集中于盆地边缘的隆起带和断阶带,具有自生自储特征。

In this paper based on the tectonics and basin evolution of central Asia and its adjacent region, combined with the previous studies, the paleo-plate reconstruction and geographic information software were used to analysis the tectonic evolution and oil/gas system of basin group in central Asia. In Early Paleozoic, basins in central Asia and its adjacent region belong to different blocks. Since Early Carboniferous, these blocks began to converge and completely joined together in Early Permian. Before converging the study area was under the influence of Hercynian tectonics, and the basin group formed in Mesozoic stretching tectonic process and Cenozoic compressive tectonic process belong to superimposed basin. The hydrocarbons in the study area mainly accumulate in the Jurassic （41%） and Carboniferous （37%） strata, and the main exploration targets are carbonate rocks, reef limestones, gypsums and mudstones. As for foreland basins, such as Amu-darya, Fergana, Tarim, Turgay and Afghan-Tajik basins, oil and gas mainly accumulate in foreland fold-and-thrust belts and sagging step-fault zones. As for craton basins, such as Precaspian, North Ustyurt and Mangyshulak basins, oil and gas mainly accumulate in the edge, the uplift belts and step-fault zones of the basin, and the source and reservoir are in the same layer.