桑沟湾重金属对海洋环境影响和食用贝类的健康风险评估

Assesement of the Heavy Metals Impact on Marine Environment and on the Health Risk of Diatary Shellfish in Songgou Bay

根据2009—04--2010—02对桑沟湾9个调查站位贝类养殖区重金属的调查资料，分析该海域海水、沉积物和养殖贝类体内铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、甲基汞（MeHg）和砷（As）的含量水平，就重金属污染对海洋环境质量的影响进行综合评价和类别划分，并对食用贝类中重金属的暴露水平进行健康风险评估。结果表明，桑沟湾贝类养殖区海水质量、沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平范围为1～3级，平均分别为1级、3级和2级，养殖生态环境综合质量水平为2级；总体上，该海域海洋环境综合质量处于良好水平，贝类产区生态环境质量为1类区（清洁区）。这表明该海区重金属污染对海洋环境质量影响较小或无明显影响。另外，针对食用桑沟湾贝类水产品的消费人群进行了重金属污染的健康风险评估，结果表明调查人群食用贝类中Pb，Cd，Hg，MeHg和As的日摄入量（DI）值分别为15．67，62．02，0．0018，0．0016和0．188μg／（人·d），摄入量低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）的推荐限值，因此桑沟湾食用贝类中重金属污染的健康风险处于安全范围。

The impact of heavy metals on marine environmental quality in Sanggou Bay was assessed and classified, based on the data of environmental survey on heavy metals （including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, MeHg and As） in seawater, surface sediment and cultured shellfish in this area from April 2009 to February 2010. The health risk of heavy metals in dietary shellfish was also evaluated. Results showed that the quality grades of seawater, surface sediment and cultured shellfish ranged between grade 1 and grade 3, and averaged grades were 1, 3 and 2, respectively. The levels of environmental quality of shellfish culture areas ranged at grade 2. In general, the comprehensive environmental quality of Sanggou Bay was in good condition, and that of the shellfish areas was ranked class 1 （clean area）, suggesting that the heavy metal to marine environmental quality in this sea area has no obvious impact. In addition, the daily intakes （DI） of Pb, Cd, Hg, MeHg and As in dietary shellfish produced of Sanggou Bay among surveyed consumers were 15.67μg, 62.02μg, 0. 001 8 μg, 0. 001 6 μg and 0. 188μg per person per day, respectively, lower than the corresponding acceptable daily intake （ADI） value based on JECFA. Therefore, the human health risk of heavy metals exposure levels in dietary shellfish of Sanggou Bay was in a safe range.