几个政党难题之我见

My views on Problems of Political Party System

政党是代议民主最根本的必要条件,意味着政党对社会的存在发展具有莫大价值。但是,有一利必有一弊。政党对社会的存在发展也具有相当大的负价值。不但所谓"小人"结成的图谋私利的政党——亦即宗派——具有负价值,而且所谓"君子"结成的图谋公利的政党也具有相当大的负价值。因为任何政党都同样是一些人为了实现共同的政治目标而结成的对另一些人——亦即反对者——进行斗争的团体,因而同样固有排他性和封闭性,势必党同伐异,甚至形成所谓"政党分赃制",严重违背任人唯贤的社会公正原则。这恐怕就是为什么古今中外众多思想家否定政党的缘故。

Political party is the most basic and necessary condition for the representative democracy. It means that party has great value for the existence and development of society. However, with each advantage is a disadvantage. Party also has a considerable negative value for the social existence and development. Not only the party formed by the so-called ＂villain＂ -also known as the faction-has a negative value, the party formed by the so-called ＂gentle- man＂ and working for the public benefit. Because all parties are formed by some people in order to achieve a common political objective and fight against others-also known as the opposition. So they are exclusive and closed and may even lead to the so-called ＂spoils system＂, which violates the principle of social justice of ＂appointing people on their merit＂. Perhaps this is why many thinkers deny party system at all times and in all countries.