考虑环境影响的全寿命公路成本分析

Highway life-cycle cost analysis with environment impact considered

根据中国公路现状,运用公路全寿命周期成本(life cycle cost,LCC)分析方法,建立了公路全寿命周期成本计算模型。将公路的全寿命周期成本划分为建设期成本、运营期成本和弃置成本,并采用生命周期环境影响的清单分析,结合社会支付意愿法,着重分析了运营期内的环境成本;以内蒙古某高速公路为例,计算出公路运营期间的环境成本在全寿命周期成本中占有相当的比重。研究结果表明:适当增加公路初始建设成本,可以极大降低公路后期维护成本,环境成本在公路全寿命周期成本内所占的比重不容忽视,环境成本货币化有利于明确道路建设的环境影响,应纳入成本核算中。

Highway whole life cycle cost model was established by using life-cycle cost（LCC）analysis based on the status of highway in China.According to the model,the whole life cycle cost related to highway transportation could be divided into construction cost,operation cost and disposal cost.Besides,the calculation of the environmental cost during operation period using LCA inventory calculation model and the willingness-to-pay（WTP）method was focused on.Furthermore,taking a highway in Inner Mongolia as an example,the calculated environmental cost of during operation period accounted for a high proportion of total life cycle cost.The results show that an appropriate increase in the highway initial construction cost can greatly reduce the cost of its later maintenance and environmental costs in the whole life cycle cost of the highway can not be ignored.It is demonstrated that monetization of environmental cost is propitious to ascertain the environmental impact on highway construction,which should be brought into cost accounting.