基于医疗机构出生登记的出生性别比实证研究

A Empirical Studyon the Sex Ratio at Birth Based on Birth Registration of Medical Institutions

背景出生性别比是计划生育考核中较敏感的数字,但长期以来,计生统计和卫生统计存在差别。目的利用住院和非住院分娩的出生婴儿登记记录分析出生性别比情况,并比较计生和卫生系统出生性别比的差异,以期为出生性别比综合治理措施提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查与深入访谈相结合的方法,对某县具有产科资质且开展产科业务的全部医疗机构进行普查,收集新生儿及产妇的相关信息,推算计划外婴儿出生情况以及总体出生性别比情况。结果 T 县医疗机构出生性别比为118.07,考虑非住院分娩出生的影响为118.27,而同期计划生育系统统计的出生性别比为115.73,误差率在2.02%～2.31%之间。结论当地存在明显的性别选择现象；计生统计中存在漏报和误报,男婴的漏报或误报现象明显,需将出生性别比从计生考核中剥离,并定期对计生报告数据的质量进行抽检,建立基于数据质量的奖惩机制,以提高计生数据的真实性。

Objectives To explore the situation of sex ratio of birth （SRB）based on birth registration,and to compare it with the ratio counted by family planning department,then to offer scientific basis for adjust abnormal SRB.Methods Questionnaires and in-depth interviews are used to collect relevant data in this cross-sectional study.We used a questionnaire to collate the information related newborns and maternal from all medical institutions with obstetric qualifications and providing obstetric services.The SRB was computed based on the collected data.Results The SRB was 118.07 in T county,and it changed to 118.27 after taken the non-hospitalized deliveries into account, while it was 115.73 reported by family planning department.Accordingly,the error rate of SRB reported by family planning department fluctuated from 2.02% to 2.19%.Conclusions The phenomenon of sex selection is existed in this county.In addition,there are issues of omission in the reports of family planning department,especially for males.Therefore,it is necessary to cut out the SRB from the performance assessment criteria,carry out sampling survey regularly to examine the quality of data,and draw up related awarding measures.