干细胞与晶状体再生

Stem cell and lens regeneration

白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术是目前治疗白内障的唯一有效措施。然而,人工晶状体作为替代材料,仍然存在一些如屈光调节力差以及术后眩光等未能克服的缺陷。寻找更理想的晶状体替代物及低等两栖类动物(如蝾螈)强大的晶状体再生能力,为晶状体再生的研究提供了原动力和依据。近年来,人们已探索出将胚胎干细胞/诱导的多能干细胞在体外诱导分化为类晶状体样结构的培养方法,为白内障的治疗开辟了新的思路。晶状体再生的研究为探索晶状体正常发育机制及晶状体疾病的发生和防治提供了新的平台。晶状体再生的成功也将为白内障的防治带来里程碑性的突破。本文拟总结晶状体正常发育过程及其调控机制,回顾国内外对晶状体体内再生能力的研究成果,并对目前人们探索利用胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞再造晶状体的研究进展作一概述,希望对干细胞与晶状体再生的后续相关研究提供一定的借鉴。

Cataract extraction and intraocular implantation surgery is the most effective treatment for cataract. However, as a kind of replacement material, artificial lens has some unavoidable defects, including the poor refractive accommodation power and the postoperative glare. Requirement for more ideal lens alternatives and the strong lens regeneration ability of lower amphibians （such as newt） motive the research of lens regeneration. In recent years, lentoid bodies have been regenerated from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The studies of lens regeneration will lay the foundation for the understanding of normal lens development and the pathogenesis and treatment of lens diseases. The success of lens regeneration will bring a landmark breakthrough for the treatment of cataract. This review describes the research progresses in the regulatory factors of lens during normal development, and introduce the possibility of the lens regeneration, and then summarize the progresses in the regenerated lens derived from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and lens progenitor cells.