大学生毕业前心身健康水平及其相关因素的研究

Psychosomatic Health Level of College Students Before Graduation and it's Relative Factors

目的 探讨大学生在毕业前的心身健康水平及其相关因素的影响。方法 按不同专业分层抽样 ,采用艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)、防御方式问卷 (DSQ)、生活事件量表 (LES)、社会支持量表 (SRSS)、中国心身健康量表 (CPSHS) ,在毕业前对4 57例大学生进行测试。以 CPSHS各因子至少有 1项 T分≥ 70分和 L量表 T分 <70为心身障碍的筛查标准。结果 毕业前大学生心身障碍检出率为 1 4 .0 % ,CPSHS的眼与耳量表分明显高于常模 :女生的心身总值、眼和耳、心血管系统、消化系统、皮肤、生殖内分泌系统、神经系统、焦虑和抑郁量表分均显著高于男生 :女生 EPQ-N分高于男生 ,但在支持总分和主观支持分方面又明显低于男生 ;数学系学生 EPQ-P分和精神病性量表分明显高于其它专业 ,美术系学生则有较高的生殖内分泌系统和神经系统因子分 ,医疗系学生则以高消化系统因子分为特征。结论 毕业前是大学生心身障碍的高发阶段 ,女生比男生有更多的心身症状、更多的神经质倾向和更少的社会支持 ;数学、美术、医疗 3个专业的学生表现不同的心身症状特点。在毕业前健康教育和心理咨询工作中 。

Objective To study the psychosomatic health level of college students and it's relative factors before graduation.Methods Using CPSHS(China Psychosomatic Health Scale),EPQ(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire),DSQ(Defensive Style Questionnaire),LES(Life Event Scale)and SSRS(Social Support Rating Scale),the authors selected 457 students by randomized block sampling and tested them before graduation respectively.The diagnosis criteria of psychosomatic disorder is that T score of one factor at least in CPSHS≥70 and T score of L<70.Results The incidence of psychosomatic disorders in college students before graduation is 14.0%.Eye and ear factor of CPSHS is higher than norm.Total psychosomatic score.eye and ear,cardiovascular,digestive,dermal,german-endocrine,nervous,anxiety and depression factors in female students are greater than that in male significantly.There are higher EPQ-P and less social support in female students.The students of mathematics department have higher EPQ-P and CPSHS-psychiatric score.The students of art department have higher german-endocrine and nervous factor score.The students of medicine deparment have higher digestive factor score.Conclusion The students before graduation is at the dangerous stage which may be full of more psychosomatic disorders.The female students complain of much more psychosomatic symptoms and less social support.They are apt to neurotism.The students of mathematics,art and medicine department have a variety of psychosomatic symptoms.Female students and the students of relative departments should be given more concern in health education and psychologic consultation.