公共场所集中空调通风系统冷却水中嗜肺军团菌检测结果分析

Detection Results of Legionella Pneumophila in Cooling Water of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Public Places

[目的]了解泰州市公共场所集中空调通风系统冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染状况。[方法]依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(2006年版),于2009—2011年8、9月份对泰州市区部分公共场所集中空调通风系统冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染状况进行专题调查。[结果]共调查22家公共场所,其中商场(店)9家,旅店业13家。调查冷却塔41座,冷却塔中嗜肺军团菌检出率为48.78%(20/41),其中2009—2011年3年检出率分别为62.50%(10/16)、15.39%(2/13)、66.67%(8/12);商场(店)、旅店业冷却塔中的检出率分别为13.33%(2/15)、69.23%(18/26)。采集的127份冷却水水样中嗜肺军团菌检出率为43.31%(55/127),其中2009—2011年检出率分别为60.00%(24/40)、15.56%(7/45)、57.14%(24/42);商场(店)、旅店业冷却水样的检出率分别为19.51%(8/41)、54.65%(47/86)。[结论]集中空调通风系统冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染较为严重,对长期在此环境下工作的人群存在严重的安全隐患。集中空调通风系统嗜肺军团菌污染的预防和控制工作应引起有关方面的重视,应加强集中空调通风系统的清洗和消毒工作。

[ Objective ] To estimate the levels of Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Taizhou City. [ Methods ] According to the Health standards of the central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places （2006 edition）, special surveys on Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places were conducted in August and September from 2009 to 2011. [ Results ] A total of 22 public places were investigated, including 9 shopping malls （shops） and 13 hotels. Of the 41 cooling towers, the detection rate of Legionellapneumophila was 48.78% （20/41）. The detection rates were 62.50% （10/16）, 15.39% （2/13）, and 66.67% （8/12）, respectively, for 2009, 2010, and 2011, and were 13.33% （2/15） and 69.23% （18/26） respectively for the malls （shops） and the hotels. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in the 127 cooling water samples was 43.31% （55/127）, 60.00% （24/40）, 15.56% （7/45）, and 57.14% （24/42） respectively for the consecutive three years, and 19.51% （8/41） and 54.65% （47/86） respectively for the malls （shops） and the hotels. [ Conclusion ] The cooling water of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places is seriously polluted with Legionellapneumophila, and may pose potential threats to those who have worked in this environment for a long-term period. Therefore, the prevention and control of Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places should be strengthened by regular cleaning and disinfection.