1976-2013年四川省高县百日咳流行态势及特征分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Pertussis in Gaoxian County,1976-2013

目的分析四川省高县百日咳流行态势及特征，为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对高县1976—2013年百日咳疫情资料，采用描述性流行病学分析方法进行统计分析。结果1976—2013年共报告百日咳4467例，死亡病例2例，年均发病率和死亡率分别为25．09／10万和0．01／10万，发病率经趋势卡方检验，差异有统计学意义（x2=7882．38，P〈0．01）。疫苗使用初期：发病率波动在17．11／10万-437．13110万之间，年均发病率为96．75／10万，发病率经趋势卡方检验，差异有统计学意义（x2=212．29，p〈0．01）。计划免疫冷链运转期：发病率波动在0．21／10万～35．50／10万，年均发病率为11．16／10万，与疫苗使用初期相比，发病率下降86．89％，发病率经趋势卡方检验，差异有统计学意义（x2=549．57，P〈0．01）。规范门诊接种期：发病率波动在0．01／10万一0．42／10万，年均发病率为0．08／10万，与疫苗使用初期相比，发病率下降98．65％。百日咳一年四季均可发病，主发病高峰在2—7月份，占病例总数的68．30％，集中在7岁以下的幼托儿童、散居儿童、农民和学生，占病例总数的72．64％，男女性别比1．04：1。结论高县随着计划免疫疫苗接种率的提高，百日咳发病率呈现逐年下降。发病高峰在春夏季节，以7岁以下的幼托儿童、散居儿童、农民和学生为重点人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Gaoxian county and thus to provide references for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptively epidemiology method was employed to analyze the epidemic data of pertussis in Gaoxian in 1976 - 2013. Results During the period, altogether 4467 cases were reported, with two cased died. The annual average rate of morbidity and mortality was respectively 25.09/105 and 0.01/105, trend test showed statistical difference （ x2 = 7882. 38, P 〈 0. 01 ）. In the initial period, the morbidity was fluctuating in 17.11/-437. 13/105, with statistical trend difference （X2 =212.29, P 〈0. 01 ）, and the annual average rate was 96. 75/105. In the planned immuni- zation cold chain operation period, the morbidity was fluctuating in 0. 21 -35.50/105, the annual average morbidity rate was 11.16/105, showing a declining of 86.89% compared with the rate in initial period ; the morbidity rate trend showed difference （X2 = 549. 57, P 〈 0. 01 ）. In regular outpatient vaeeination period, the morbidity rate was fluctuating in 0. 01 - 0. 42/105, with the average annual rate 0. 08/105, showing a declining rate of 98.65%. The disease occurred all through the year and oeaked in Feb. to Jul. , which accounted for 68.30% of the total cases. A proportion of 72.64% of the cases were kindergarten children, scattered children, peasants and student. The male to female ratio was 1.04 ： 1. Conclusion The morbidity rate of pertussis is declining with the increasing of the vaccination rate. The peak season of morbidity is in Spring and Summer and the vulnerable populations are kindergarten children, scattered children, peasants and student.