2009-2012年某犬伤门诊动物致伤人群流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Animal-wounded Outpatients in Rabies Prevention Clinic,2009-2012

目的分析2009—2012年被动物咬伤至某犬伤门诊就诊病例的流行病学特征，为加强狂犬病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法，根据犬伤门诊记录和统计资料，对伤人动物类别及就诊者的性别、年龄、职业、显露部位、级别、伤口处理、疫苗接种情况等相关因素进行统计分析。结果2009—2012年某犬伤门诊共接诊动物致伤患者2174例，全年各月均有病例，主集中在7—8月，不同季节被咬伤者的构成比比较，差异有统计学意义（x2=18．9，P〈0．01）；受伤地点以城区居多（1157例），占33．93％；职业以农民为多，占26．63％；30—59岁的伤者最多，占42．91％；犬伤者占93．65％；咬伤部位下肢和上肢分别占58．33％和32．75％；规范化处置伤口率低，仅为39．51％，免疫球蛋白接种率仅为Ⅲ级暴露的27．29％。结论某犬伤门诊被动物咬伤就诊病例狂犬病疫苗接种意识良好，但伤IZl处理不被重视，狂犬病免疫球蛋白的使用率低，应普及狂犬病防治知识，提高人群自我保护意识；及时规范处理伤口和免疫接种。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the animal - wounded outpatients in rabies prevention clinics and thus to provide prevention references for rabies prevention and control. Methods Based on records of the clinics, descriptive statistics method was adopted to analyze the gender, age, occupational, exposure position, level, wound management and vaccination of the outpatients. Results During the period, 2174 an- imal -wounded patients were treated. The cases distributed all through the year and concentrated mainly in July and August. The constituent ratio showed statistical difference among different seasons （X2 = 18.9, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The wounding place was mainly urban area （1157 cases） , accounting for 33.93% of the total cases. The occupational of the patients was mainly peasants （26.63%） and wounded was concentrated in 30 -59 age group, accounting for 42. 91%. Dog injuries accounted for 93.65% of the total cases. The bite position was 58.33% on lower limb and 32.75% on upper limb. The standardized treatment rate was as low as 39.51%. The vaccination rate of the IgG was only 27.29% in III- level exposure population. Conclu- sion The awareness for vaccination in animal - wounded outpatients is well, nevertheless, the wound man- agement is not taken into enough consideration ; moreover, the use rate of the IgG is low. Thus, prevention knowledge should be popularized to improve the awareness of self - protection, and standardized treatment of the wound and timely vaccination are recom- mended.