胃癌分子靶向治疗的现状和展望

Progress in study on molecular targeted therapy for gastric carcinoma and the prospect

目前胃癌的细胞毒药物治疗已进入一个平台期。随着分子生物学研究的深入开展,胃癌的诊断及治疗进入了分子水平。大量的基础和临床研究正在探索胃癌的分子靶点包括:人表皮生长因子受体2、人表皮生长因子受体1、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白、血管内皮生长因子、血管内皮生长因子2、纤维母细胞生长因子受体2、肝细胞生长因子受体以及聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖转移酶等。目前,仅有人表皮生长因子受体2的靶向药物曲妥珠单抗及血管内皮生长因子受体2靶向药物ramucirumab被III期临床研究证实在晚期胃癌中有显著疗效,针对上述靶点的其他药物需进一步研究和开发。

The chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs for gastric cancer has entered a platform. With the progress of molecular biology, the diagnosis and therapy for gastric cancer is at molecular level. Many dinical and basic studies have explored the molecular targets for gastric cancer, such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 1, mammalian target of rapamycin, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and so on. To date, trastuzumab （the HER2 monoclonal antibodies） and ramucirumab （the VEGFR2 monodonal antibodies） are effective targeted drugs for advanced gastric cancer, which is confirmed by Phase III dinical study. More drugs against these targets are on the way.