农村教育“内卷化”的两种形态及破解路径

Two Forms of "Involution" of Rural Education and Countermeasures

当前农村教育在二元结构下形成了城乡割裂的思维定势,农村教育陷入了有增长无发展的"内卷化"状态。农村教育内卷化可分为内生型内卷化和外铄型内卷化,其形成原因既有历史传统、地域环境、资源配置、政策惠顾等,也有自身愿景、目标与能力等原因。农村教育"去内卷化"要利用城镇化来促进城乡教育一体化,以目标管理来形成农村教育发展共同愿景,以农村组织来放大农民的话语权,以多元教育目的来避免农村教育目标的复制,以去精英教育寻租来对城乡教育再平衡。

For the rural education under the dual structure forms and the thinking habit of split between urban and rural areas at present, rural education is trapped in the ＂involution＂ state which is only growth but no development. The involution of rural education can be divided into endogenous rural education and the outside one. The reasons for its formation include not only the historical tradition, geographical environment, resource allocation and preferential policies, but also its own vision, goal, ability etc. To eliminate ＂involution＂ of rural education, we should take the advantage of urbanization to promote the integration of urban and rural education, form a shared vision of the development of rural education using goal management, enhance farmers＂ role played in decision making by rural organizations, avoid repeated rural education goals with diverse education purposes, and eliminate rent-seeking phenomenon of elite educational to balance urban and rural education.