两级库存控制下的供应链动态定价和订购策略

Supply chain dynamic pricing and ordering strategies under two-echelon inventory control

研究供应链中订购、定价和服务运营等决策及其对两级库存的动态控制问题,对含有单生产商和单风险规避型零售商的供应链建立多周期非线性约束优化模型.在随机市场需求下,生产商制定采购策略实现期望利润最大;零售商制定订购、定价和服务策略实现效用最大.证明两级供应链成员均可获得动态决策最优解;生产商最优策略受到下游决策及变化的影响;零售商在获得联合最优订购和定价策略的基础上可确定服务水平最优决策.在算例分析中,给出供应链成员决策间详细影响关系和两级成员通过联合决策可同时实现两级库存的动态控制等结论.

The paper focuses on how to control two-echelon inventories simultaneously during firms＇ operational management in a supply chain with a manufacturer and a risk-averse retailer. We propose a multi-period non-linear constrained optimization model. The manufacturer makes procurement strategies in order to optimize her total expected profit. The retailer determines ordering, pricing and service level strategies in order to optimize his total utility with stochastic demand. We show that supply chain firms can obtain optimal strategies. The manufacturer＇s optimal strategies are affected by decision of her downstream firm and market demand. The retailer can achieve the optimal service level strategy after he obtains the optimal combined ordering and pricing strategy. The optimal service level is determined by the optimal price. A numerical example gives detailed relationship between different strategies and shows that supply chain members can control two-echelon inventories dynamically by joint and combined strategies.