嘉定区孕产妇焦虑抑郁现况调查与相关因素研究

Cross- sectional investigation and study on related factors of anxiety and depression of pregnant women in Jiading district

目的了解嘉定区孕产妇焦虑、抑郁发生情况并探讨其影响因素。方法：2013年10～12月采用焦虑自评表（SAS）、抑郁自评表（SDS）对到嘉定区内所有16家产科医疗机构就诊的孕妇和同期在家接受产后访视的产妇2 589例进行横断面调查。结果：与其他时期相比较，孕晚期的焦虑发生率最高为7．45％，产后7天内的抑郁发生率最高为13．51％。孕期焦虑的主要危险因素为既往经前紧张史，本次怀孕为双胎、多胎或试管婴儿、孕期睡眠不佳，近3个月生活工作压力大，患精神疾病。产后抑郁的主要危险因素是本人患精神疾病，对产后检查异常情况担心，个性敏感，宝宝出生后存在经济问题。结论：应加强孕产妇心理保健，尤其关注焦虑和抑郁发生率较高的孕晚期和产后7天内。建议开展相应筛查干预，开展孕产期心理健康教育，同时鼓励孕妇家属共同参与。

Objective To understand the prevalences of maternal anxiety and depression in Jiading district of Shanghai city, andexplore the influencing factors. Methods： SAS and SDS were used to conduct a cross - sectional investigation among 2 589 pregnant womenfrom 16 obstetrieal hospitals of Jiading district and parturient women receiving postpartum visit in home from October to December in 2013.Results： Compared with other periods, the incidence rate of anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy was the highest （7.45%）, theincidence rate of depression within seven days after delivery was the highest （ 13.51% ） ; the main risk factors of anxiety during pregnancywere premenstrual tension history, twin pregnancy, polyembryony or test tube baby, poor sleep during pregnancy, too much pressure on lifeand work for nearly three months and suffering from mental disease ; the main risk factors of postpartum depression were suffering from mentaldisease, worrying about abnormalities detected by postpartum examination, sensitivity and economic problems after birth of babies. Conclusion： Maternal psychological health care should be enhanced especially during the third trimester of pregnancy and within seven days afterdelivery when the incidence rates of anxiety and depression are high respectively; corresponding screening and intervention should be conducted, maternal psychological health education should be carried out, and the family members of pregnant women are encouraged to participate.