马家沟流域商品型生态农业系统优化研究

Research on Optimization for Commercial Ecological Agriculture System in Majiagou Watershed

以商品型生态农业相关理论为基础,研究了区域马家沟流域生态经济现状;据此提出稳步推进苹果产业发展等优化思路。随后按照优化思路引入水土保持相关理论、设定畜牧业不同发展模式,使用线性规划的方法对当地经济发展进行了优化。在优化后的3种情景中,农、林、牧业总收入分别提升了20.67%、35.90%、26.15%,水土流失程度分别下降了10.68%、8.14%、10.69%,并且在后2种情景优化后养羊业获得超过200%的极大增长率,但从绝对值来看,苹果业由于占总收入约60%的这一较大比重,其仍然是优化后增长量的主要构成部分。由此可以看出,在严格保护生态环境的约束条件下,适度开放林下草资源能够有效促进流域内经济发展。同时,如果苹果产业能够实现精细化管理,提高产业附加值,以当地苹果产业为重心发展,能够最大程度的实现区域经济发展与生态保护双赢这一目标。

Based on the theory of commercial ecological agriculture, the current ecological economy situation of Majiagou watershed with four optimization ideas were analyzed. Following the ideas, introduced soil conservation theory, set a different mode of development of animal husbandry,and did a linear programming on local economic development. After optimization of the three scenarios, the agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry total revenue improved 20. 67 %, 35. 90 %, 26. 15 %,the degree of soil erosion decreased 10. 68 %,8. 14 %, 10. 69 %,and in the latter two scenarios after optimization of the sheep industry was a great growth, but in absolute terms, because a large proportion of the apple industry, accounting for about 60% of the total,was still the main component of the optimized amount of growth. As it could be seen from the optimization results, opening the understory grass resources moderately under the strict protection of the ecological environment constraints, could effectively promote economic development in the watershed. Also, if the apple industry to achieve meticulous management and improve industrial added value, then making the apple industry development center for the local economy could achieve a win-win goal of the greatest degree of economic development and ecological protection area.