秦巴山地烟区不同烤烟壮苗培育方式对比研究

Comparative Study on Different Strong Flue-cured Tobacco Seedling Cultivation Ways in Qin-ba Mountains Tobacco Growing Areas

[目的]分析秦巴山地烟区不同壮苗培育方式的优势、劣势和特点。[方法]从烤烟生产关注的不同生育期(苗期、伸根期、团棵期、旺长期、成熟期)的长势、整齐度、根系量、壮苗率、抗病抗逆性、最大叶面积、成熟落黄、上部叶开片和经济性状指标对营养袋育苗、直播漂浮育苗、双膜漂浮育苗、托盘育苗、湿润育苗5种育苗方式进行对比分析。[结果]秦巴山地烟区烤烟育苗方式及大田综合验证的表现排序为:湿润育苗>托盘育苗>双膜漂浮育苗>直播漂浮育苗>营养袋育苗。从集约化育苗、商品化供苗、大田抗病抗逆性及烟农收益看,优先选择湿润育苗方式,其次是双膜漂浮育苗,托盘育苗是散户补苗用苗培育的较好方式。[结论]该研究可为科学选择烤烟育苗方式提供数据支撑和试验依据。

[Objective] The advantage,disadvantage and characteristics of different strong flue-cured tobacco seedling cultivation ways were analyzed.[Method] Five raising seeding ways of nutritional bag seedling,direct floating-seeding system,double film floating seedling,tray seedling and moist seedling were comparatively analyzed from some indices concerned in flue-cured tobacco production,such as growth vigor,uniformity,roots number,rate of strengthen seedling,resistance to disease and stress,maximum leaf area,leaf maturing and buming up,upper leaf area in different growth stages（the seedling stage,the root extending stage,the rosette stage,vigorous growth stage and mature stage） and economic characters.[Result] The flue-cured tobacco seedling breeding ways in Qin-ba mountains tobacco growing areas and their comprehensive verification performance was in order：moist seedling 〉 tray seedling 〉 double film floating seedling 〉 direct floating-seeding system 〉 nutritional bag seedling.From intensive seedling,commercialization of supplying seedlings,resistance to disease and stress in field and farmers income,the priority selection was moist seedling,the next was double film floating seedling,tray seedling was good way of private farmer filling the gaps with seedlings and using seedlings.[Conclusion] The study provides a experimental basis and data support for the selection of seedlings breeding ways.