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心血管急症救治(8)晕厥诊断与鉴别诊断新概念(续7) 被引量:4

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摘要 晕厥是临床上常见的症状,导致晕厥的病因很多,机制复杂,涉及多个学科。晕厥预后从大多数的良性过程到少数患者的猝死后果相差很大。近年来,国际上对晕厥的评估有了一些新概念,强调从两方面评估晕厥患者:一是找出确切的原因,以便进行有效的针对病理机制的治疗;二是识别患者的风险,这种风险常取决于潜在的疾病而不是晕厥本身。通过详细询问病史、体格检查(包括测量不同体位血压)及心电图等初步评估后,23%~50%晕厥可以明确原因。如原因仍未明可在此基础上,根据情况进一步评估,如40岁以上患者应首先进行颈动脉窦按摩;对于有心脏病病史或怀疑此次晕厥与结构性心脏病或其他心血管疾病有关的患者,检查超声心动图;怀疑因心律失常而导致晕厥的患者,应给予实时心电监测;若晕厥与体位变化有关或怀疑反射性晕厥时,检查卧立位试验和(或)直立倾斜试验;仅在怀疑非晕厥原因造成的短暂意识丧失的情况下,进行神经科检查或血液检查。
作者 刘文玲
出处 《中国循环杂志》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第6期406-409,共4页 Chinese Circulation Journal
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参考文献6

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同被引文献47

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