中亚成矿域核心区地质演化和巨型成矿带划分

Geological evolution and division of giant metallogenic belts in core part of Central Asian Metallogenic Region

随着中亚成矿域地质矿产研究的不断升温和新资料的不断积累,学术界对其地质演化和成矿作用的认识出现诸多争议和矛盾。文章主要基于前苏联时期有关中亚地区的地质资料,并结合近年来地质矿产勘查新进展和高精度年代学数据,梳理了中亚成矿域核心区的主要地质特征及其演化规律,划分出中亚成矿域核心区的成矿省和巨型成矿带,论述了重要成矿带的形成和演化特征,并进行对比分析。在中亚成矿域核心区划分出4个成矿省:阿尔泰成矿省、巴尔喀什-准噶尔成矿省、楚伊犁-天山成矿省和西南天山成矿省,并重点论述了巴尔喀什-准噶尔成矿省和楚伊犁-天山成矿省的地质特征以及其中的巨型成矿带。巴尔喀什-准噶尔成矿省由4个巨型成矿带(含11个大型矿集区)组成:扎尔玛-萨吾尔成矿带、塔尔巴哈台-谢米斯台成矿带、阿科斗卡-巴尔鲁克成矿带和巴尔喀什-西准噶尔成矿带。楚伊犁-天山成矿省由4个巨型成矿带(含22个大型矿集区)构成:莫因特-阿拉套-赛里木成矿带、楚伊犁-博洛霍勒成矿带、伊赛克-阿吾拉勒成矿带和卡扎尔曼-那拉提成矿带。文中所提出的成矿省和巨型成矿带划分方案依然是初步的,在以后的工作中还需要不断修订和完善。我们期待着发现更多大型矿床和矿集区,使中亚成矿域核心区更丰富、更完善。地质资料的不断积累和新数据的不断补充,必然带动科学认识的提高和深化。

The Central Asia may be described as a series of events characterized by volcanic arcs developed from fragmentation of the continental margin of eastern Paleo-Gondwana as well as accretion processes on the margin of the Siberian Craton. Its multi-stage geological evolution and strong continental deformations during the course of its history have made the Central Asian Metallogenic Region （CAMR） a unique and complicated large-scale metal province. The CAMR is rich in different ore deposits as well as complex geological records. Recently, numerous new geological observations and many precise isotope age data allow an improved reconstruction of the geological evolution of the CAMR. This paper summarizes the Paleozoic accretionary orogenic evolution and related ore formation in the core part of the CAMR mainly based on the geological data published by the former USSR in combination with recently published geological and isotopic data. Four ore-forming provinces （Altay, Balkash-Junggar, Chu-Yili-Tianshan, and Southwest Tianshan） could be recognized. The Balkash-Junggar and Chu-Yili-Tianshan Provinces are the main topics of this paper. The Balkash-Junggar Province consists of four huge ore-forming belts （Zharma-Saur, Taerbahatai-Xiemisitai, Aktogay-Baerluke, Balkash-western Junggar） with eleven large ore concentration areas. Chu-Yili-Tianshan Province also consists of four huge ore-forming belts （Moint-Alatau-Sailimu, Chu-Yili-Bolehuole, Issyk-Awulale, Kazharman-Nalati） with twenty two large ore concentration areas. The formation of large ore concentration areas corresponded to a specific stage during continental growth in the core part of the CAMR. A comparison of Xinjiang and its adjacent regions in the aspects of geology and ore deposits provides rich information for future exploration and research on ore-forming processes.