直流融冰装置拓扑结构的比较研究

Comparative research on topology of DC de-icing equipment

对直流融冰装置的三种典型拓扑结构(二极管不可控整流、晶闸管全控整流和基于IGBT的全控整流)的性能和经济实用性进行了综合比较研究。在分析三种结构的工作原理基础上,建立了三种融冰结构的整流模型,从整流调压性能、谐波及无功特性、装置功耗、经济成本特性、功能扩展等方面进行了对比研究,并结合某线路融冰需求对上述三种结构性能进行了仿真验证。对比后得出结论:不可控整流结构成本低、大容量装置易实现,可应用于中长距离线路融冰;晶闸管全控整流结构具有输出直流电压平滑调节、可扩展为SVC的特点,可应用于有无功补偿需求的线路融冰;基于IGBT的全控整流结构输出电压调节能力强、电能质量优越,但成本高、系统复杂,在短距离线路、小容量融冰应用中占有优势。比较研究结论将为直流融冰工程装置结构的选择和设计提供有益参考。

This paper focuses on integrated comparative research on performance and economic usefulness of three typical topologies for DC de-icing equipment, including uncontrolled diode rectification integrated with adjustable rectiformer, thyristor-based half controlled rectifier, and insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT）-based full controlled rectifier. The operation principles of three topologies for DC de-icing are analyzed, and the rectifier models of the three topologies are established, then the comparative research on the performances for three topologies, including rectifier performance, characteristics of harmonic and reactive power, power loss, economic cost, and extended function, is carried out. Furthermore, the simulations for three topologies to realize DC de-icing for a transmission line are done to verify the contrastive analysis results. Some conclusions are obtained. First, uncontrolled diode rectification has advantages on simple structure, low cost, easy to realize, and simply maintenance, so this topology is appropriate to be applied to DC de-icing of large capacity and long distance transmission line. Second, thyristor-based half controlled rectifier can smoothly regulate the output DC melting-icing voltage, and it can be expanded to Static Vat Compensator （SVC）, so it can be applied to DC de-icing of transmission line with the demand of reactive power compensation. IGBT-based full controlled rectifier has advantages on strong regulation ability of output voltage, and it can be used as power quality regulator when no icing. But it has the weakness of high cost, complicated control, and relatively low reliability. So it is preponderant for DC-icing of low capacity and short distance transmission line. Research conclusions are very significant to provide references for selection and design of DC de-icing engineering equipments.