中山市5岁以下儿童死亡原因的调查与分析

The survey and analysis of death causes of children under the five years in Zhongshan city

目的探讨本市5岁以下儿童死亡的原因，并提出干预对策，以降低死亡率。方法对本市2008年7月～2012年7月5岁以下死亡儿童的资料进行回顾性分析。结果本市活产数92416例．5岁以下儿童死亡378例。占4．09％0，其中新生儿死亡212例，占56．08％（212／378）；婴儿（不包括新生儿）死亡84例，占22．22％（84／378）；1～4岁儿童死亡82例，占21．69％（82／378）。不同年间不同年龄儿童死亡率比较差异有统计学意义（x^2=11．79，P=0．003）。早产、先天异常、出生窒息、肺炎、溺水是5岁以下儿童死亡的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论降低新生儿和婴儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重要环节，应加强孕期保健与产前评估。

Objective To study the death causes of the children under the five years in our city and put forward intervention strategy in order to reduce mortality. Methods The data of under five years old death children from July 2008 to July 2012 in our city were retrospectively analyzed. Results It was total surveyed of 92416 cases of live births.Children under five years to death were 378 cases,accounted for 4.09 %r,among them,212 cases of neonatal to death were accounted for 56.08%（212/378）.84 cases of infants to death（not included newborns） were accounted for 22.22%（84/378）. 82 cases of 1 to 4 years old children＇s to death were accounted for 21.69%（82/378）.Children mortality of different years in different age was compared,with statistical difference（x^2=11.79,P=0.003）.Premature,eongenital anomaly,birth asphyxia,pneumonia and drowning is an independent risk factor for children under 5 years old to death respectively. Conclusion Reduce the neonatal and infant mortality is an important link to reduce the mortality of children under 5 years old, should strengthen the health care in pregnancy and prenatal evaluation.