汽车经济性驾驶技术及应用概述

Overview of ecological driving technology and application for ground vehicles

汽车经济性驾驶是道路交通节能减排的重要方向。该技术以驾驶人与车辆/道路/交通流的优化与协调为核心,通过重塑驾驶员习惯、辅助驾驶员操作以及车辆自动化控制等手段,满足出行需求的同时降低行驶过程的油耗。该文综述了汽车经济性驾驶技术的发展历史、技术现状与理论难点;介绍了节油驾驶策略的实验型和理论型辨识方法。其应用可分为3类:易于实施、适合政府层面推动的驾驶员教育;最具产品化前景、值得业界关注的节油驾驶辅助;将是经济性驾驶技术的理想载体的自动驾驶。

The ecological driving technology of ground vehicles is critical for energy-sustainable road transportation. This technology, centered on the optimization and the coordination of driver, vehicle, road infrastructure and traffic flow, aims to reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles in travelling by reshaping drivers＇ habits, assisting driving manipulation and implementing vehicular automation, etc. This paper summarizes the key aspects of vehicular eco-driving technology, including its history, the state of arts and the theoretical challenges. Two major identification methods of the eco-driving strategies are reviewed, i.e. the experiment based method and the optimization based method. The applications can be classified into the ecodriving education, the eco-driving assistance, and the eco-vehicular automation. The first item is easy to be implemented and suitable for government promotion; the second item has most promising market prospect; and the last item will become proper carrier for eco-driving technology with the popularity of vehicular automation.