某车型小重叠碰撞仿真及车体结构优化

Simulation and structure optimal analysis for small-overlap frontal-impact of a vehicle

该文建立了某实车正面小重叠碰撞有限元分析模型。先对该模型进行对标验证,然后根据"美国公路安全保险协会"(IIHS)相关评价体系的要求,进行了25%重叠偏置碰撞仿真,并分析与评估了碰撞中的结构变形。根据在25%小重叠偏置碰撞工况与传统40%偏置碰撞工况的有限元仿真结果的对比,提出了该车的优化方案:为了增加前舱吸收碰撞能量的能力和提高乘员舱刚度,改进了发动机舱上边梁结构。结果表明:该优化后的车体结构方案,得分从原来的"差",提升为"良",从而提高了整车的耐撞性。

A Finite Element Analysis （FEA） model was built to simulate a real vehicle in small overlap condition. The model was compared with test results before simulating 25% overlap front-impact. The structure deformations of the vehicle body were analyzed and assessed according to small-overlap frontal-impact assessments by the American Institute for Highway Safety （IIHS）. The model in 25% overlap impact condition was compared with the traditional 40% offset impact condition. Some suggestions were proposed to increase the ability of absorbing collision energy, to improve the passenger compartment stiffness, and to modify the shotgun structure. The results show that the body structure can obtains the score of ＂Acceptable＂ from the score of ＂Poor＂. Therefore, these optimizations can effectively strengthen the vehicle crashworthiness.